Mariátegui
03/23/1911 With the campaign and the need to think about alternatives to the development model based on the exploitation of natural resources , 16 civil society organizations that brings together experts from different disciplines have come together to 28 proposals to develop and make demands to the presidential candidates in the political, social, environmental and economic.
"Urge government to establish the new changes to properly regulate and control the exploitation of natural resources and great investment. There are serious social, environmental and economic factors that demonstrate that the current policy has focused on extractive be reviewed, "said the coordinator of the Peruvian Network for Equitable Globalization (Redge), Alejandra Alayza.
mining concessions, located primarily in rural communities, increased from 2.3 million hectares in 1991 to 19.8 million in 2010 to the couple socio-environmental conflicts by 76% are linked to the mining and hydrocarbons. 80% of hydrocarbon blocks are stacked on rights of indigenous communities, protected areas and territorial reserves for indigenous peoples in voluntary isolation, and yet since May 2010 has still not enacted the law requiring prior consultation with indigenous peoples would to prevent social conflict.
"To strengthen democracy we need to ensure community consultation and effective participation of the population. The exploitation of natural resources is associated with high social conflict must be addressed next government, "said José de Echave, senior economist at Cooperacción.
Instead of guaranteeing the right to consultation and participation, the Executive has approved between 2006 and 2009, 246 emergency orders to ease and facilitate private investment projects related to extractive industries such as construction of infrastructure in ports, roads but not taken into account in many cases the environmental and social implications.
"There is a modus operandi from the executive who transgresses the Constitution because many of these projects are not eligible to be considered of national interest and not the uniqueness of emergency," said Antonio Zambrano's Solidarity Forum.
economic benefits versus environmental costs
Environmental costs should also be accounted in the economic gains generated by the extractive industries and megaprojects. DAR César Gamboa said as an example that the project will generate a fee hydropower Inambari annual $ 59 million but the value of environmental goods and services that will be lost to the project reach U.S. $ 90 million according to the Environment Ministry. For the last 30 years that the award of loss Inambari environmental goods and services will be U.S. $ 2,700 million while the canon of those years $ 1,770 million. The difference bordering the billions of dollars.
"We need to internalize the costs of these losses of fragile ecosystems, flora and fauna, to set a criterion of sustainability and equity before betting on these investment projects," said Gamboa, who said the new government must establish what country's energy demand in 20 or 30 years not to export resources in quantities that are harmful to the country as happened with the Camisea gas project. We can not jeopardize the country's energy security, "he added. Redistribution
benefits
The next government should tax measures to increase state involvement in extraordinary income from the mining sector to fairly redistribute the benefits to the population, said Epifanio Baca Citizen Proposal. In 2010, the net profits of major mining companies increased by 35.5% over the previous year. The profitability of these companies grew from 37% in 2009 to 41% in 2010. The reason: between 2001 and 2010 the average price of gold, copper and silver shot up five times.
But between 2006 and 2010, the State ceased to raise S /. 2.457 million for unpaid royalties by mining companies with tax stability contracts. The "voluntary contributions" has not proved an effective mechanism for redistributing good because December 2010 was executed only 61% of its resources. "We also must rethink the distribution of royalty has become a generator of inequality between regions because there are some that benefit more than others, "said Epifanio Baca.
Climate change exacerbates the problem
The vulnerability of scarce natural resources like water, aggravating the effects of climate change it is urgent to evaluate these aspects in the economic policy undertaken by the next government. "The government itself has stated in the Second National Communication on Climate Change that gave the United Nations that there is a limitation in addressing climate change in the country because there is a development policy based on extractive industries, "said Rocío Valdeavellano, coordinator of the Citizens Movement Against Climate Change (Mocicc).
These considerations are important to define where each other and where they can not run large mining projects and investment as such in the Piura region more than 40% of the moors, which are sources of water were delivered to mining projects in May 2010.
"In 2021 Peru has committed to reaching zero deforestation and 40% energy be renewable, but is it possible to achieve these national goals if we continue preying and affecting resources to these projects? There must be more consistent, "said Valdeavellano.
Towards a new development
The Uruguayan expert Eduardo Gudynas the Latin American Center Social Ecology found that transitions to new models of development and are unavoidable due to global changes such as depletion of oil, food prices, the impact climate change, the economic crisis of the industrialized countries and Asian countries' dependence on natural resources in developing countries such as Peru.
"Peru can not be oblivious to these changes and what used to be prepare to face these changes will be better able to ensure sufficient food energy for its population," said Gudynas.
why the National Centers Association (NCA), APRODEH, CEPES, CONADES, CooperAcción, Fedepaz, Solidarity Forum, DAR, Allpa, Propuesta Ciudadana, IPROGA, MOCICC, Jubilee Peru, Redge, Red Muqui and Revenue Watch Institute is have united to stop developing 28 proposals related to extractive industries and large investment projects in the campaign to discuss these issues of national interest and the new government take on these challenges.
Such approaches will be discussed in a public forum on Wednesday 23 and Thursday 24 March at 6 pm at the Convention Center at the Medical College of Peru (July 28th Ave N º 776. Miraflores). Is scheduled for Thursday the participation of representatives of the presidential candidates of the Alliance for the Great Change, Force 2011, Win Peru, Peru Posible, National Solidarity and as expert commentators include Marc Dourojeanni (Environmental Consultant) and Javier Iguíñiz (PUCP) .
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