Pedro Miguel Tapia / Mariátegui
03/24/1911
On 18 March 2011 the United Nations, through Resolution 1973, which agreed to the "fly zone" and authorization of military intervention, it was the coalition of U.S., Britain, France, Italy, Qtar and Canada, whose alleged goal is the bombing of Gadhafi troops to the civilian population of the city of Benghasi controlled by the rebels.
This attack is a blatant imperialist intervention, which as we told South American leaders like Hugo Chavez and Evo Morales, seeks to ensure geopolitical control the oil resources of this country.
addition to rejecting the aggression of the imperialist coalition, it is important to characterize the Gadhafi regime and what it has meant for Libya and for the world left.
A sector of the Colombian left and elsewhere has been confused and confusing to the events in Libya, they still regarded as the revolutionary Gadhafi thirty years ago, and does not accept the changes that have occurred subsequently.
politically sensitive report is only imperialist intervention against the Libyan people, and say nothing of the Gadhafi regime's attitude to the domestic situation and the popular rebellion that gave it birth. So not really shows what this ruling meant his 42 years in power.
In this paper we propose a vision for Libya to be understood that different from the cases of Tunisia and Egypt, makes it more complex and difficult to explain, although it is clear that above all must be with the Libyan people against invasive attempts modern filibuster the U.S. imperialists and their friends from the EU, and the monarchs, sheiks, emirs and sultans of the Arab world bosses.
THE ORIGIN OF LIBYA MODERN. Libya
The term used to designate the territory and nation of 1,759,000 square kilometers north of Africa only recently, by UN resolution in 1949, after the Second World War created the independent kingdom of Libya, whose throne was occupied by Idris al-Sanusi. Of the sanusiya, illegal Muslim Brotherhood opponents came to the Ottoman Empire in 1837 and then against Italy who declared war in 1911, occupying the north-eastern province of Cyrenaica, Libya, the last stronghold of the Turkish Ottoman Empire in the Mediterranean . Italy's occupation lasted from 1911 to 1949 in the midst of a patriotic and anti-imperialist resistance, for twenty years and led by Omar Al Mackthar until his defeat in 1931, then that country becoming a colony of Italy.
During the Second World War sanusiya cooperated with the Allies, thus earning the Englishman named Idris as Emir of Cyrenaica. After the war, the imperialists divided Libya: British administration area: the provinces of Tripolitania Berber-dominated west and Cyrenaica in the east, predominantly Bedouin; southwest Fezzah province as an area of \u200b\u200bthe French who administered from Chad .
Therefore, the kingdom that invented the UN was the union of the three historical provinces and tribes, who orchestrated the conflicts and rivalries to the present.
Idris
set up a government in the service of foreign powers, especially Britain and the United States, oil companies and the Turkish-Libyan families, the big bourgeoisie and landlords holders of oil revenues, as the black gold started to flow quantities since 1960.
At that time the Bedouins were interested in an action against the country's surrender to the imperialists. One such person was Lieutenant Muanmar al-Gadhafi, who inspired the policy of the Egyptian Abdel Nasser in 1966 in London founded the Union of Free Officers, he returned to Libya to do political work in the army and in 1969 began in Sebha, the southern Libya, insurrection that overthrew the monarchy with popular support for the regime's corruption and the surrender of the country to the imperialists.
socioeconomic TRANSFORMATIONS.
Chaired by Gadhafi, is founded the Council of the Revolution who proclaims himself a Muslim, socialist Nasser. This meant the withdrawal of U.S. military bases in Libya and Britain, as well as strict restrictions on more than 60 foreign companies. The government takes control of oil production without breaking completely with foreign companies.
Gadhafi proposed a modernization plan using oil revenues, reform emphasized land, as a country of 80% of its land desert, opened over 1,500 artesian wells, while more than two million hectares of desert land to be irrigated began to transform them into fertile land. Each family gave 10 acres of land, a tractor, housing, agricultural and irrigation. The industrial workers were granted a 25% stake in the profits of companies.
was promoted social welfare system with free medical assistance and incentives to large families and free education. This economic development, the best in the region, led to a product of 5,000 percapita dollars higher than Africa. They were revolutionary changes in popular sense, not seen before in the region.
This growth in agriculture and in the oil industry led to labor shortages (Libya is a country with low population, now has 6 million 500 thousand inhabitants), which had to be hired immigrants from other Arab countries and technical worldwide.
In 1973 he published the Green Paper to create ordered People's Committees and the General People's Congress in the direction of the so-called direct democracy without intermediaries between the state and people, which meant the abolition and prohibition of political parties and social organizations. In 1977 there was a stronger overturning the state system, government and political system to pass Libya renamed "Socialist People's Libyan Arab," (Socialist People's Libyan Arab masses).
proclaiming the "third way", neither capitalism nor Marxism, denying the class struggle and proclaiming "national unity" in the Libyan case, tribes and regions, considered as hazardous to communism by his atheism and secularism, were within the guidelines of the "Arab socialism." This is the political and ideological reason for the relentless persecution of the Communists not only Libya but in Arab countries.
Gadhafi played an international political role to confront the alliance between Israel and Egypt, which set him against the Saudis, the Emirates and the king of Morocco. OPEC defended in fair prices for oil and opposed to the maneuvers of imperialist oil monopolies. Due to this position, the U.S. President Reagan promoted a campaign against Libya's Gadhafi qualifying "financier of international terrorism" and a justification for increased military aid to Egypt, Sudan, Morocco, Tunisia, the Gulf regimes and Israel. In 1981, U.S. planes hit and Libya in the Gulf of Sidra. Libya then
turns in their political and diplomatic relations to the USSR, Saharan Africa and Latin America. Now the weapons did not come from the U.S. or European countries, but Ukraine and Russia, such as airplanes and helicopters, Sukhoi fighter, and became involved in trade agreements Came (Mutual Economic Assistance, driven by the Soviets) . To our knowledge Gadhafi never struggled out of the agreements with the U.S. even during the hard years of Reagan.
are also currently supporting armed movements in various countries as the Sahrawi Polisario Front, the Middle Eastern and Latin American guerrillas. The United States bombed Beghasi Tripoli in 1986 in retaliation. Libya's answer was to support aircraft attacks on the balance of hundreds of victims. The UN responded with an arms embargo and trade. CHANGES
Gadhafi.
begins to change in 1992 after the fall of the Soviet bloc, when he decides to deliver oil to the Russians and representatives of the Russian Mafia and starts signing pacts thirteen political, economic and financial resources to the IMF, World Bank EU, China and the U.S.. It was a process from that year until June 2010 when Egypt signed an agreement to control Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. Gadhafi then decide
turn once more toward accepting the imperialists three things, which the UN to lift the embargo in 2004:
1 - compensate the families of the victims of the attacks as Lockerbie - Scotland, providing $ 1,500 million U.S. citizens, Germany, and England.
2 - After 2001 the Libyan regime part of the "war on terror, leading to negotiations that led to sensitive records in 2008 were re-established foreign relations with countries like USA, who is taken out of the list countries "supporters of terrorism" and also acknowledged the execution of 1,200 political prisoners, communists and Islamists in 1996, this in turn contract reconstruction and oil resources to China and Europe. With the UK who gave him lists of the Irish Republican trained in Libya, the U.S. also gives the list of Jihad activists targeted by Al Qaeda and Benali support during the popular uprising in January of this year and handed the Tunisian rebels hiding in Libya.
3 - To resolve the thorny issue of mass migration from Africa to Europe, Gadhafi agrees to be the gendarme of the south side of the Mediterranean, to crack down on migrants who take to Libya as a transit country to Europe, especially Sicily the islands of Lampedusa and Pantelleria in the Mediterranean Italian in exchange for compensation 5 billion dollars that Berlusconi gave him up for years of repression of Italy on the Libyan people. As this was delayed, Gadhafi signed a framework agreement with the European Union on this issue of immigrants.
Gadhafi in 2009 deepened his relationship with the United States to sign a military agreement with the Joint command Africom looking with France and Germany the control of African resources. U.S. bag to Libya from the list of countries "supporters of terrorism" and yet kept him on the hit list of a possible nuclear war
All these measures made the United States and Italy Exxon's ENI, enter the race for oil contracts with existing in Germany, France, (Total), England (BP and Shell), Spain (Repsol), Russia (Russia Petroleum), Oil and OM of Austria. A real show resources of the Libyan people. Vie 43,000 billion barrels of proven reserves and a million barrels produced daily, and 1,540 billion cubic meters of gas. The General Dynamics of the United States has a military advisory contract for 165 million dollars. They are also the abundant water resources strategic underground Libyan.
There is also the US-Libya Business Association "made by companies including Halliburton, Shell, Raytheon, Dow Chemical, and Chevron. Gadhafi
considered this change as inevitable after the attacks on the "twin towers" and the invasion of Iraq "as the only way to avoid being crushed." This bit pragmatic and revolutionary management policy, while led him to mitigate the contradictions with U.S. imperialism, has exacerbated internal differences partly explain the current popular rebellion.
sharpening of contradictions.
To do all this had to do restructurings imposed by the IMF and the World Bank, as privatization, cuts to state size, economic cutbacks, rising prices of food and fuel, leading to unemployment of 25% of the economically active population, inflation which hit 20% GDP growth, repression against opponents of Hamas, Islamists, communists, etc.
This process sharpened the contradictions with the most powerful tribes in relation to control of resources and power in family hands. In Libya, the state structure is organized on the tribes and clans, something of a bureaucratic state-tribal. Gadhafi simply maintained the tradition of how the kingdom for 110 years and the monarchy of Idris.
People's Committees and the Committee revolutionary and the military are made based on the tribes, especially the southern tribes of Qathafha, these most others in the region of Sebha (south) are earmarked to Gadhafi, while the east and the powerful Warpalla, which they say has a million members, are opposed.
considers Gadhafi Reportedly tribes east of the region of Cyrenaica as fiefs of Salafi Islam, which in 1989-1990 launched a major revolt against the regime from the city of Benghasi, while the tribes of the region of Tripolitania are supported by Gadhafi. Are economically powerful tribe lasos with the imperialists and the governments of the region.
But given the deteriorating standards of living of the population and their desire for political change can be said that the current struggle going on over tribal differences are important. Therefore
are several factors in the Libyan revolt; struggles within the government's relations with the imperialists, intertribal warfare, since the absence of political parties and the form of clan organization, some are for and some against Gadhafi. Conflicts between the different imperialist powers to divide the country. Rumble in the army between the factions belong to the tribes, Libyan mass struggles against the authoritarian regime and autocratic Gadhafi family and against the imperialists.
The rebellion began on Feb. 25, when a defense lawyer for the families of prisoners executed in 1996 was arrested by promoting an upsurge of protests, which led to his release but got worse and since then have not stopped the fighting and strife popular. The opposition consists of secular, Islamist, republicans, nationalists, monarchists have been made to control the region of Cyrenaica in the east where Benghasi cities, Al Baida and Tobruk and the port of Ras Lanuf, all oil centers, while the city of Zawiya is in dispute and the capital Tripoli, is controlled by Gadhafi.
The armed intervention of the United States and other imperialist countries to Libya, is headed by the U.S. fleet V, the Enterprise aircraft carrier guarding the Arabian Sea are already in the Mediterranean, the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle of France and bases British military in Cyprus, according to reports in the Pakistani press in Libya and have U.S. Special Forces, France and Britain preparing for opposition forces. England and France prepare humanitarian military missions. It is rumored that since Egypt and sub-Saharan Africa mercenaries hired by Gadhafi preparing to invade the Cyrenaica.
If Gadhafi is maintained by the interests of the imperialists in the last twenty years, why the intervention?
Libya is a key region for the imperialist powers for its geostrategic location, it has limits on the east by Egypt and Tunisia to the west, good place to advance a counter-revolution in the Arab world. Libya is also important for its oil resources, gas and water. It is the fourth largest oil producer in Africa.
intervention also seeks to prevent the possible formation of a sultanate in the region of Cyrenaica with some descendants of the Sanusiya and other powerful tribes, all pro-imperialist, but fear that Islamic fundamentalism is therefore assume the presence of representatives of the Afghan Taliban and Al Qaeda, the existence of the "Front for the Salvation of Libya" in exile denounced as a CIA front, or the Islamic Group Gadhafi enemy combatant since 1982 connected with the intelligence services England.
lies and justifications are the "sanctions" from the UN, the need for humanitarian intervention to save civilians in a chemical weapons attack by Gadhafi, the "proof" that Libya was a "state failed "or" power vacuum there. " The strategy of the imperialists in the Arab world is called "Managed transition", ie leaving a friend's uncomfortable to keep the states with some reforms in this regard Gadhafi, who was against the imperialist rebel leader yesterday after his ally and now a ruling is not useful, it is necessary to control or remove, but charging its imperialist past, as the imperialists have no friends but interests.
The popular uprising in Libya, which has just demands of democratic character is being used by the imperialists in general, in order to get out of Gadhafi, and Obama, Clinton and German Chancellor defined 'must go now, "build a new regime and lead to the lifting service to defeat, so it is important to support the Libyan people in their just struggle for democratic and opposition to the intervention of the imperialists.
http://www.kaosenlared.net
0 comments:
Post a Comment